This is a small Arduino tone generator project and it uses Arduino Uno, one buzzer, one potentiometer to change the pitch; also this Arduino Pitch Control Circuit using Potentiometer is simple and easy to make.
Furthermore, it helps beginners understand PWM, analog reading and digital output and we can use this project to learn basic sound making using Arduino.
Arduino Code:
int pot = A0
int buz = 8
int val
int freq
void setup() {
pinMode(buz, OUTPUT)
}
void loop() {
val = analogRead(pot)
freq = map(val, 0, 1023, 100, 2000)
tone(buz, freq)
delay(10)
}Code Explanation:
- Pot is potentiometer pin.
- Buz is buzzer pin
- AnalogRead reads voltage from potentiometer
- Map converts analog value into frequency range
- Tone sends square wave to buzzer
- Delay gives small pause for stability
Circuit Working:
Parts List:
| Components | Quantity |
|---|---|
| Resistors | |
| 220Ω 1/4 watt | 1 |
| 10k potentiometer | 1 |
| Semiconductors | |
| Arduino Uno | 1 |
| Passive Buzzer | 1 |
Arduino gives tone signal to buzzer and potentiometer gives voltage signal to Arduino analog pin, then Arduino reads this value and converts it into frequency.N
Now Arduino sends frequency to buzzer on digital pin using tone function.
When we turn potentiometer knob, the voltage at center pin changes and Arduino reads this voltage and gets a number between 0 and 1023.
After that, Arduino maps this number to frequency; higher voltage gives higher tone and lower voltage gives lower tone.
Finally, Arduino sends this frequency to buzzer and buzzer vibrates and makes sound.
How to Build:
To build a Arduino Pitch Control Circuit using Potentiometer follow the below steps:
- First, assemble all the parts as shown in circuit diagram.
- Next, potentiometer center pin goes to Arduino A0, potentiometer left pin goes to Arduino 5V and potentiometer right pin goes to Arduino GND
- Then buzzer positive pin goes to Arduino digital pin 8 and buzzer negative pin goes to GND
- Also, connect R1 220 ohm resistor in series with buzzer positive line
Conclusion:
To conclude, this Arduino Pitch Control Circuit using Potentiometer is easy to try for, as it teaches analog reading, mapping and sound output.
Also, we can expand this to music projects, alarms or fun sound toys, as this circuit is good for beginners to understand how hardware and code work together.