Ultrasonic sensor use high sound wave to find distance.
It send sound and wait for echo to come back and then it measures time.
With Arduino help we can make system to know how far object is.
This project for Distance Measurement Circuit using Ultrasonic Sensor and Arduino shows basic of ultrasonic sensor, Arduino code and steps to make distance measuring system.
Code and Explanations:
const int trigPin = 2;
const int echoPin = 3;
void setup() {
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
// Trigger the sensor
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
// Measure pulse duration
long duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
// Calculate distance
int distance = duration * 0.034 / 2;
Serial.print("Distance: ");
Serial.print(distance);
Serial.println(" cm");
delay(100);
}Code explanation:
No need of extra libraries for this project.
Pick pins for sensor:
- Trigger pin goes to pin 9
- Echo pin goes to pin 10
Setup:
- Set trigger pin as output
- Set echo pin as input
- Begin serial communication
Loop:
- Send short pulse from trigger pin
- Measure how long echo pin stay high like pulse time
Use formula:
- distance = (duration * speed of sound) / 2
- Print distance on serial monitor
- Speed of sound is around 0.034 cm/microsecond.
Ultrasonic Sensor Circuit Working :
Parts List:
| Component | Quantity |
|---|---|
| Resistor | |
| Potentiometer 10k | 1 |
| Semiconductors | |
| Arduino UNO | 1 |
| LCD 16X2 Display | 1 |
| Ultrasonic Sensor Module | 1 |
| IC 7809 | 1 |
Ultrasonic sensor have two parts: transmitter and receiver.
Transmission: Transmitter send short burst of ultrasonic sound.
Wave travel: Sound wave move in air and hits the object.
Reflection: When wave hit object then it bounce back as echo.
Reception: Receiver catches the echo.
Distance calculation: Time between sends and receive tell how far the object is, more time means more distance.
How to Build:
To build a Distance Measurement using Ultrasonic Sensor and Arduino follow the below mentioned steps for connections:
- First collect all parts like in circuit diagram.
- Connect IC 7809 to give stable 9V DC power to Arduino.
- Connect 10k potentiometer to LCD like this:
- 1st pin of pot goes to LCD VDD of 5V
- 2nd pin of pot goes to LCD VE the contrast control
- 3rd pin of pot goes to LCD VSS the GND
Connections details of Arduino and LCD
LCD Connections:
- LCD VDD connects to Arduino 5V
- LCD VSS (GND) connects to Arduino GND
- LCD RS connects to Arduino pin 12
- LCD E Enable pin connects to Arduino pin 11
- LCD RW connects to Arduino GND
- LCD D4 connects to Arduino pin 5
- LCD D5 connects to Arduino pin 4
- LCD D6 connects to Arduino pin 3
- LCD D7 connects to Arduino pin 2
- LCD backlight + (anode) connects to Arduino 5V
- LCD backlight – (cathode) connects to Arduino GND
Ultrasonic Sensor Connections:
- Trig pin to goes Arduino pin 2 which is the output
- Echo pin goes to Arduino pin 3 which is input
- Vcc connects to Arduino 5V
- GND to Arduino GND
Note:
Speed of sound is around 0.034 cm/µs but this can change with air temperature and humidity.
If we need more accurate result then we can adjust this value.
Conclusion:
By using Arduino and ultrasonic sensor we can make system to measure distance.
This Distance Measurement Circuit using Ultrasonic Sensor and Arduino is useful for many things like object detection, obstacle avoid and proximity sense.
We can make smarter system by adding more sensors, displays or other parts.