Simple Echo Effect Generator Circuit

This Simple Echo Effect Generator Circuit tell how to make circuit for echo sound in music.

Transistors like BC547 are used because they make music sound like echo in big space.

What is an Echo Effect Generator Circuit:

To make echo sound in audio we have used special electric circuit called echo effect circuit.

This circuit repeat the sound after little time so it feel deep and wide.

Many people use this in music, audio systems and other things to make sound more nice and creative.

Circuit Working:

Parts List:

Echo effect circuit work like this: first it make delay in sound and then mix this delay sound with real sound.

Main parts and how it work explain here:

Delay part make small gap between real sound and repeat sound (echo).

To make delay we use capacitors, resistors or special delay parts in feedback loop.

Echo stay strong because of feedback.

Some delay sound go back in circuit again and make echo happen more times but slowly goes weak.

How many times echo happen depend on feedback level.

Then delay sound and real sound mix together.

For this we use mixing circuit or op-amp.

After a mix output gives final sound with echo.

To change echo level or strength we can use potentiometer.

By change in resistance user can control how much delay sound mix with real sound.

Circuit Operation:

Echo effect happen when sound goes first to delay part and which add some time gap.

Then this delay sound goes to feedback loop.

Some of that delay sound goes back into circuit again.

Because of this loop echo stay and slowly get less strong.

In mix step delay sound and original sound join together.

Potentiometer help control how much of delay and real sound mixes.

After mixing output give sound with echo effect.

User can hear this echo sound by connecting output to speaker or audio system.

Potentiometer also help user to change echo level, more or less as they want.

This help use echo in different ways for different needs or style.

Formula:

Audio echo effect uses input signal x(n) and give output signal y(n) the formula for this is:

x(n) + a * y(n – N) = y(n)

Meaning:

• y(n) is output at time n which is not always just at fixed times.
• x(n) is input signal at same time n.
• a is number that tell how much old output changes new output.
• y(n – N) is old output signal from N steps before and N is positive number which means delay.

What formula say:

At every time step n output y(n) is two things added:

Current Input (x(n)):

This is the first part, it shows how input affect output.

Past Output (a * y(n – N)):

This is second part it show old output from before comes back.

Multiply by a to control how strong that echo is.

a is weight of big a with more echo and small a is less echo.

How it is Build:

To build a Simple Echo Effect Generator Circuit follow the below steps:

• First put BC547 transistor on breadboard or PCB.
• Connect Base and use 10μF capacitor to connect transistor base to music input.
• Ground base put 10Ω resistor between base and ground.
• Add 9V power and connect 47k resistor from +9V to base.
• Use 1k resistor to limit current from 9V and after 1k resistor use 100μF capacitor to filter.
• Collector connection from 1k resistor, add 47k resistor and then connect to collector of transistor.
• Add potentiometer and put 10k potentiometer between collector and ground.
• Output wire connects to center pin of potentiometer.
• Adjust echo and use 10μF capacitor from center pin of potentiometer to ground.
• Power the circuit and give 9V power to whole circuit.

Testing:

• Turn on and check if circuit work and change potentiometer to adjust echo sound.
• We can connect center pin output to external speaker amplifier.
• Turn potentiometer left or right until echo sound is good.

Important:

• Check all wires and connections and ensure capacitor side positive and negative sides are correct and fix if something is not working.

Conclusion:

This Simple Echo Effect Generator Circuit make delay sound from audio input.

Feedback loop keeps echo going and potentiometer help control how much echo mixes in sound.

After finish we can use this in music system for cool echo effect!

References:

Implementation of Audio Effect Generator