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Single Transistor Theremin Oscillator Circuit

Theremin is one very old electronic music instrument.

It make strange space type sound without touching any part.

Human hand move near antenna or plate and the pitch of sound changes.

This happen because hand change the capacitance value near the circuit.

In this article we will show very small and Single Transistor Theremin Oscillator Circuit using few parts.

Circuit Working:

Parts List:

Part NameValue Quantity
Resistor270k 1/4 watt1
CapacitorsCeramic 0.1µF, 471pF 1 each
Semiconductors Transistor 2N29071
Air core or ferrite slug type (see the text below)1
Metal plate or aluminum, brass, or even copper sheet1

This circuit uses NPN transistor 2N2907.

It work as RF oscillator.

The metal plate is about 20 to 30 cm square in square and is where hand comes close.

When hand is near then capacitance change and frequency also change.

Coil and capacitor make tank circuit for oscillation.

The transistor give energy to oscillation so it does not stop.

The sound frequency later goes to amplifier or mixer stage to hear.

The 270k resistor give bias to transistor.

The 0.1uF capacitor give feedback.

The coil and 500pF capacitor set main frequency.

Plate is kept near radio tuned to strong 900 kHz station.

Adjust coil slug for best tone.

Move hand near the plate and pitch will change.

Coil Making:

RF tank coil air core or ferrite slug type

Inductance L is typically 5µH to 12µH

Wire is enamelled copper wire

Gauge is AWG 28 to 32 (0.3 to 0.4 mm) is common

Turns is about 40 to 60 turns depends on coil form diameter

Coil Form is plastic, phenolic tube and diameter from 8 to 12 mm

Length of winding is about equal to coil diameter for stable inductance

Formulas:

For LC oscillator frequency formula:

f = 1 / (2 * pi * sqrt(L * C))

where,

When hand come close the capacitance increase and so frequency decrease.

This change make sound pitch difference when mixed with another fixed oscillator.

How to build:

To build a Single Transistor Theremin Oscillator Circuit follow the below steps for connections:

Conclusion:

This is simple Single Transistor Theremin Oscillator Circuit

By moving hand near pitch plate the frequency of oscillator change because capacitance change.

With audio mixer or beat frequency stage it give the classic Theremin sound.

It is good small project to understand how capacitance and oscillators can make music.

References:

Need help with theremin oscillator

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