Smooth Servo Rotation Circuit with Arduino and Potentiometer

This project shows about Smooth Servo Rotation Circuit with Arduino and Potentiometer.

Turn the knob and see servo arm moves smooth from 0° to 180°.

Easy and fun to learn how Arduino reads analog signal and makes motion.

Its a good project for beginners in robotics, automation or motor control.

Arduino Coding:

#include <Servo.h>
Servo myservo;
int potPin = A0;
int val;

void setup() {
myservo.attach(9);
}

void loop() {
val = analogRead(potPin);
val = map(val, 0, 1023, 0, 180);
myservo.write(val);
delay(15);
}

Coding Explanation:

• Servo library is included to control servo motor easily.
• Servo is connected to pin 9 using attach function.
• Analog value from potentiometer is read using analogRead(A0).
• The map function changes range 0–1023 to 0–180.
• Servo moves to new angle using myservo.write(val).
• Delay gives smooth movement.

Circuit Working:

Parts List:

Potentiometer gives analog voltage between 0V and 5V.

Arduino reads this voltage using analog pin A0.

Arduino converts it into a value between 0 and 1023.

This value is mapped to servo angle between 0 and 180 degrees.

When we rotate the potentiometer then the servo moves accordingly.

Formula with Calculation:

Below is the formula for Potentiometer output voltage = (Position / Full rotation) × 5V

Arduino analog value = (Voltage / 5V) × 1023

Example:

If potentiometer gives 2.5V then,

Analog value = (2.5 / 5) × 1023 = 511

Mapped servo angle = (511 / 1023) × 180 = 90 degrees

How to Build:

To build a Smooth Servo Rotation Circuit with Arduino and Potentiometer follow the below steps for connection:

• Assemble all the parts as shown in circuit diagram.
• Connect the servo motor red wire to Arduino 5V.
• Connect the servo black wire to GND.
• Connect the servo signal wire (usually yellow or orange) to Arduino pin 9.
• Connect the middle pin of potentiometer to Arduino analog pin A0.
• Connect one side of potentiometer to 5V.
• Connect the other side of potentiometer to GND.

Conclusion:

Smooth Servo Rotation Circuit with Arduino and Potentiometer is simple and easy to give it a try.

Potentiometer moves servo angle smoothly.

This project teaches analog input and PWM output.

Its useful in robotic arms, camera control, and small automation systems.

References:

Using the Arduino Uno to control multiple Servos via potentiometers