The IC BA5406 is a small dual power amplifier chip made for stereo audio uses.
It delivers great performance, is simple to set up and needs very few extra parts, which makes it perfect for home audio systems, portable gadgets, and other stereo audio projects.
This simple stereo amplifier circuit article will discuss how the BA5406 works, its design and how to build a stereo amplifier circuit using it.
Circuit Working:
Parts List:
| Component | Specification | Quantity |
|---|---|---|
| Resistors | 120Ω, 2.2Ω | 2 each |
| Potentiometer | 22k | 2 |
| Capacitors | Ceramic 220nF | 4 |
| Electrolytic 47μF | 6 | |
| Electrolytic 470μF | 2 | |
| Semiconductors | IC BA5406 | 1 |
| Speakers | 4Ω | 2 |
The above circuit is made up of a BA5406 integrated circuit, some resistors, potentiometers, capacitors and two speakers.
This setup allows for stereo sound with great audio quality.
The audio signals for the left and right channels go to pins 5 and 8 through potentiometers R5 and R6 along with capacitors C11 and C12.
These parts help to properly adjust and filter the input signals.
The BA5406 boosts the input signals giving enough power to drive the speakers.
The left and right audio signals are handled separately inside the IC, which helps maintain stereo sound.
The boosted signals for the left and right channels come out through pins 4 and 10.
Before reaching the speakers, these signals go through capacitors C2 and C5 to block any DC and then they are filtered by resistors R1 and R2 for the left and R4 and R3 for the right.
Capacitors C3 and C6 help keep the circuit stable and improve sound quality.
The 4 ohms speaker1 and speaker2 are connected to create stereo sound.
The circuit runs on a single +12V DC power supply that connects to pin 1.
Capacitors C9 and C10 help stabilize the power supply and cut down on noise.
Formulas:
The formulas for Simple Stereo Amplifier Circuit using IC BA5406 is mentioned below:
Input Coupling Capacitor C11, C12:
The input capacitors which are 220nF in a circuit diagram are important because they help connect signals without changing how the circuit responds to low frequencies.
To find out the cutoff frequency of the input stage, you can use below formula:
fc = 1 / (2 * pi * Rin * Cin)
here,
- fc is the cutoff frequency
- Rin is the input resistance of the IC
- Cin is the value of the input capacitor.
The selected value of 220nF keeps the cutoff frequency low, which lets all the sounds in the audio range go through without any issues.
Output Coupling Capacitor C2, C5:
Capacitors like these stop any DC part of the output signal and let only the AC audio signal go to the speakers.
The size of these capacitors 47µF is chosen to make sure that low frequencies are not weakened too much.
You can figure out the effective low frequency response of the output stage by using the formula.
fc = 1 / (2 * pi * Rout * Cout)
here,
- fc is the cutoff frequency
- Rout is the load impedance of speaker resistance
- Cout is the value of the output capacitor.
How to Build:
To build a Simple Stereo Amplifier Circuit using IC BA5406 follow the below mentioned connections steps:
- Gather all the components mentioned in the above mentioned circuit diagram.
- Connect pin 1 of IC BA5406 to the +12V DC power supply.
- Connect one end of 4Ω speaker1 from pin 2 through capacitor C4, and connect capacitor C3 and resistor R2 from pin 2 in series and GND.
- Connect pin 3 to pin 2 of IC BA5406 through capacitor C1.
- Connect pin 4 of IC BA5406 to to other end of speaker1 through capacitor C2 and resistor R1.
- Connect pin 5 of IC BA5406 to capacitor C11 and one leg of R5 pot, center leg of pot to audio left input and third leg to GND.
- Connect pin 7 IC BA5406 to GND through capacitor C10
- Connect pin 8 of IC BA5406 to capacitor C12 and one leg of pot R6, connect the center leg to audio right input and third leg to GND.
- Connect pin 9 of IC BA5406 to other end of speaker2 through capacitor C7 and resistor R4.
- Connect pin 10 of IC BA5406 to pin 11 through capacitor C5.
- Connect pin 11 of IC BA5406 to one end of speaker2 through capacitor C8, connect from pin 11 capacitor C6 and resistor R3 in series and GND.
- Connect pin 12 of IC BA5406 to GND.
Conclusion:
The Simple Stereo Amplifier Circuit using IC BA5406 is a budget friendly and effective way to power stereo speakers while producing great sound quality.
Its small size and simple setup make it perfect for different audio projects.
If you choose the right design and parts, this circuit can perform really well satisfying both DIY enthusiasts and professionals.