This creative design converts a regular batteries low 9V DC output into a powerful 300V DC supply.
What is a 9V to 300V Converter:
An electrical circuit known as a 9V to 300V converter is made to change a 9V low voltage input into a 300V high output voltage.
Under the broader category of DC-to-DC converters this conversion is carried out using various kinds of electronic parts and circuit designs.
Circuit Working:
Parts List:
| Category | Description | Quantity |
|---|---|---|
| Resistors | 1/4 W CFR | |
| 100k | 1 | |
| Capacitors | ||
| Ceramic 0.01µF, 0.1µF | 2 | |
| PPC 0.47µF 400V | 1 | |
| Electrolytic 100µF 25V | 1 | |
| Semiconductors | ||
| Transistor 2N2222 | 1 | |
| Diode 1N4007 | 1 | |
| Transformer 9-0-9V 1Amp 250V | 1 |
Using the single transistor circuit diagram shown above let us see how the 9V to 300V converter circuit operates:
Transforming the primary 9-0-9V input into a higher voltage of about 250V requires an essential part T1.
T1s principal winding is where this change takes place.
The primary winding of T1 provides the inductance L for the Hartley oscillator.
One kind of LC inductor capacitor oscillator that produces an AC signal is the Hartley oscillator.
The voltage is further increased by T1s secondary winding.
Here the 9V supply is increased to a maximum voltage of about 350V.
Diode D1 is used for half wave rectification of the signal after the voltage increase.
A unidirectional flow is caused by just half of the AC waveform getting the chance to flow through.
C4 is charged by the rectified waveform.
In this situation C4 minimizes out the rectified waveform lowering fluctuations and producing a more stable DC output through which capacitors store electrical energy.
The output voltage regulates at about 300 volts when a load drawing several milliamperes is applied.
Even with a constant load this continuous output is produced.
The warning about capacitor C4 is important.
Because C4 is not always loaded it may hold electrical charge and release it when it comes into touch with another object.
This might result in a strong but nonlethal shock especially for people who are not familiar with the circuit.
With the help of a transformer, Hartley oscillator, rectification and smoothing through a capacitor the circuit converts a 9V input into a higher DC voltage.
The warning highlights how essential it is to handle the circuit carefully and highlights the possible shock danger caused through capacitor C4s performance.
Formulas and Calculations:
For building a simple high voltage switch mode power supply that will enable you to develop a DC-DC converter that uses a single transistor to step up a 9V input to about 300V.
The simple formulas for achieving this with the necessary components to build the circuit you need are presented below:
Calculating Oscillator Frequency:
The values of the resistor and capacitor in the base circuit affect the oscillators frequency.
Using the 2N2222 transistor one might apply the rough formula as follows for a simple design:
f = 1 / R * C * 1.1
where,
- C is the oscillator circuits total capacitance 0.01µF and
- R is the resistance 100k.
The frequency of a basic oscillator with a 0.01µF capacitor and a 100k resistor would be:
f = 1 / 100k * 0.01µF * 1.1 = 90 kHz
With this simple design stepping rising voltages is shown in a educational way.
Actual applications would require complex designs with feedback control and other components to ensure reliable and constant operation.
How to Build:
The following procedures must be followed in order to construct a 9V to 300V converter circuit using a Hartley oscillator.
Transformer T1:
- Connect the 9-0-9 volt source to T1s main winding.
- A larger voltage is produced by the secondary winding.
The Inductor L:
- Use T1s main winding as the circuits inductor L.
- After that connect it to the circuit.
Circuit Oscillator:
- Use a transistor, resistors and capacitors to put the oscillator circuit together.
- The transistor type and exact values are chosen by the design.
- See the circuit diagram to figure out the correct connections.
Secondary Transformer T1:
- Connect the oscillator circuit to T1s secondary winding.
- This raises the voltage.
Diode D1:
- To correct the AC signal generated by the oscillator circuit connect diode D1.
- Only one half of the waveform should be able to pass through.
C4 capacitor:
- To smooth the rectified waveform connect capacitor C4.
- A more steady DC output is maintained with the help of this capacitor.
Fill up:
- Connect the load resistor or other parts to the circuits output.
- This mimics how the DC to DC converter would be used in real life.
Source of Power:
- To power the whole setup connect a 9V battery to the circuit.
Examining:
- Switch the circuit on and keep an eye on the output voltage.
- If required modify component values to produce the desired result.
Safety Factors:
- Because capacitor C4 carries a risk of shock use the necessary precautions.
- To reduce the risk think about using security precautions like discharge resistors.
Conclusion:
This tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of building a simple single transistor 9V to 300V converter circuit.
Depending on your needs and the components that are available modify the circuit by checking the component datasheets.
Remember to follow safety precautions and be careful especially when it comes to the capacitor C4 warning.