This project is for Solar Panel Battery Inverter Connection Circuit
It shows how solar energy is converted into electricity to power AC and DC loads.
The circuit uses a solar panel, solar charge controller, battery, inverter and AC loads.
This circuit can light a bulb and run a fan easily.
It is suitable for small home or school projects.
Circuit Working:
Parts List:
| Component Name | Quantity |
|---|---|
| Solar Panel 12V, 5A | 1 |
| Solar Charge Controller 12V / 24V, 10A or 20A MPPT / PWM Type | 1 |
| Battery 12V / 24V, 50–200Ah | 1 |
| Inverter 12V to 24V DC to 220V AC, 150W to 300W | 1 |
| AC Load (Fan, Bulb) 220V AC, 25W–60W | 1 |
| On-Off switch SPST | 2 |
The solar panel collects sunlight and changes it into DC electricity.
This DC current goes to the solar charge controller.
The controller manages charging of the battery and protects it from overcharging or deep discharging.
The battery stores the energy and gives power when sunlight is not available.
The inverter changes the DC voltage from the battery into AC voltage.
The AC load (fan and bulb) runs using this AC output.
Switch1 and Switch2 are for safety protection and makes this circuit safer, easier to maintain and more beginner-friendly.
Formulas with Calculations:
Below is the formula for Solar Panel, Battery, Inverter Connection Circuit:
Power (P) = Voltage (V) × Current (I)
Example: If solar panel gives 12V and 5A, then
P = 12 × 5 = 60 watts
If we use 60W bulb for 1 hour then battery must give 60 watt-hour energy.
Battery capacity = (Load Power × Time) / Battery Voltage
Example: 60 × 1 / 12 = 5Ah battery needed for 1 hour backup.
If required use higher Ah battery for longer backup.
How to Build:
To build a Solar Panel, Battery, Inverter Connection Circuit follow the below connection steps:
- Gather all the parts as shown in circuit diagram
- Solar panel positive wire connects to solar controller positive input.
- Solar panel negative wire connects to solar controller negative input.
- Battery positive connects to controller battery positive terminal.
- Battery negative connects to controller battery negative terminal.
- Controller output connects to inverter input.
- Inverter output connects to AC load fan through switch1
- Inverter output connects to AC load bulb through switch2
Conclusion:
Solar panel charge battery and battery store power.
Inverter change DC to AC for use.
Big battery give long backup.
Panel voltage is little more than battery for proper charging.
Inverter power must match load.
Solar Panel, Battery, Inverter Connection Circuit help save electricity and work automatic.