This Water Level Indicator Circuit is a small project to show water level in tank by using 4 LED lights and each LED tells how much water is inside the tank and when water goes up more then more LEDs turn ON.
Also, this circuit is easy to make and uses cheap parts and is good for saving water and gives an alert when tank is full.
What is Water Level Indicator Circuit:
This is an easy electronic circuit to check water level in tank or container and it uses 4 LED lights to show water level.
Also, the circuit has 4 LEDs and when we put it in tank, the LEDs blink when water touches them and when water goes up more then more LEDs start blinking and each LED shows different level of water.
Circuit Diagram:
Parts List:
| Components | Values | Quantity |
|---|---|---|
| Resistors | 1k 1/4 W | 8 |
| Semiconductors | Transistors BC547 | 4 |
| LEDs Red 20mA 5mm | 1 | |
| Green 20mA 5mm | 3 | |
| Power Source 9V Battery | 1 | |
| Probes | 4 |
How to Build:
To build a Water Level Indicator Circuit follow the below steps:
- First, use wire without plastic cover it remove plastic to see metal wire inside.
- Then, put one common wire at bottom of water tank and be sure it stays below L1 wire.
- Next, fix wires L1, L2, L3 and L4 at different height in tank.
- After that, connect each level wire to transistor base: Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4.
- Then connect each transistor Q1 to Q4 to one LED.
- Also, use 9V battery to give power to circuit.
Working Principle:
When we give power to circuit, all transistors work like switch and if no signal goes to base then transistor stays open and does no work.
Hence, when water level goes up, the common wire touches level wires L1 to L4 and then transistor gets signal on base and becomes closed switch.
Then LEDs connect to transistor, so they turn ON and show water level has reached a set level.
Formulas:
Formulas for Water Level Indicator Circuit:
1. Base Supply Voltage (Vbase):
Vbase = Ibase × Rbase
- Vbase is voltage between transistor base (B) and emitter (E).
- Ibase is small current which connects into base of transistor.
- Rbase is resistor connects between base and power or ground.
This formula tells how much voltage we need at transistor base and also how much current (Ibase) we get depends on value of Rbase.
2. LED Current (ILED):
ILED = (Vbattery − VLED) / RLED
- ILED is current flow in LED in milliamps (mA).
- Vbattery is battery voltage like 9V.
- VLED is voltage drop on LED when it light up which depends on color between 1.8V to 3.3V.
- RLED is resistor in series with LED to control current.
Use this formula to check how much current goes to LED and then we choose RLED value based on VLED and ILED we want.
Note:
These formulas help us understand how circuit works and to make circuit work good, so we choose right resistor and parts using above formulas.
Conclusion:
Overall, we can make easy and low cost Water Level Indicator using 4 LEDs, by following steps for making and working.
Also, this small circuit helps to save water and it show water level in tank using LEDs so we stop filling before overflow and no water gets waste at home.
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