Simple Solar Garden Light Circuit using One Transistor, uses one special switch and a sun power to turn on LED at night.
Also, when sun goes down the light turns ON by itself and when sun come back the light turns OFF, like a magic!
Circuit Working:
Parts List:
| Components | Values | Quantity |
|---|---|---|
| Resistors | 1k, 47Ω, 470Ω (1/4 watt) | 1 each |
| Semiconductors | Transistor BC547 | 1 |
| Diode 1N4001 | 1 | |
| LEDs white straw hat 5mm, 20mA | 5 | |
| Solar panel 6V | 1 | |
| Battery 4.5V to 6V | 1 |
To begin with, this project make night light with LED turn ON when its dark and turns OFF when its day and solar panel control LED with its voltage.
During daytime the sunlight hits the panel and LED stays OF and at nighttime there is no sunlight then LED turns ON.
Do not put LEDs in parallel unless there is same brightness and if LED is dim then use different circuit; aso, 47 ohm resistor may need to be change based on battery and LED count.
Furthermore, charging time depend on battery size and panel power.
600mAh + 0.5w panel = 6 to 8 hours charge.
1800mAh + 1w panel = up to 2 days.
Finally, this explanation shows like battery gets empty every night.
Formulas:
Ohms Law help find resistor R2 value to control LED current:
Formula:
R = V / I
where:
- R is the resistance in ohms Ω
- V is the voltage across resistor
- I is the current through resistor in amps
To find R2 we need:
LED forward voltage (Vf): From LED datasheet.
Number of LEDs in series (Ns): Multiply Vf × Ns
Desired LED current (Id): From datasheet.
Example: White LED = 20mA or 0.02A
Use this details in formula to get correct R2 value.
How to Build:
To build a Simple Solar Garden Light Circuit using One Transistor follow the below mentioned steps for components connections:
- First, connect 6V solar panel with one side to positive and other side to negative.
- Then transistor Q1 collector goes to resistor R2, base goes to resistor R3 and emitter goes to ground.
- After that, battery 4.5V to 6V connect positive to positive and negative to negative.
- Now 5 white straw hat LEDs connect one side to positive and other side to R2.
- Lastly, diode D1 connect from battery negative to solar panel negative.
Safety Tip:
- Check there should be no short circuit! and check wire before powering ON the circuit which can damage parts or heat too much.
Conclusion:
Overall, this Simple Solar Garden Light Circuit using One Transistor is cheap and easy, as this circuit goes auto ON at night this is because it uses sun power.
Also, while making the circuit stay safe and enjoy our own green garden light!