This 220V AC to DC voltage converter circuit is like a tiny adapter for your gadgets.
Your wall outlets provide AC alternating current, but many electronics, like phones, laptops and LED lights, need DC direct current to work.
This circuit acts like a translator, taking the strong AC current from the wall and converting it to smooth DC power that your devices can understand and use.
Circuit Working:
Parts List:
| Category | Component | Quantity |
|---|---|---|
| Resistors | 10k 3W | 1 |
| 7.5k | 1 | |
| 1M | 1 | |
| 100k | 1 | |
| 10k | 1 | |
| 1.2k | 1 | |
| 100k 1W | 2 | |
| Capacitors | Electrolytic 10µF 25V | 1 |
| Electrolytic 470µF 25V | 1 | |
| Electrolytic 330µF 250V | 2 | |
| Semiconductors | IC MC34161 | 1 |
| Triac TIC216 | 1 | |
| Bridge rectifier 1N4007 | 4 | |
| Zener diode 12V 5W | 1 | |
| Fuse | 3AF | 1 |
This circuit converts AC voltage ranging from 70V to 260V into a DC voltage between 180V and 350V suitable for use with 110V and 220V systems.
It utilizes an MC34161 rectifier acting as a voltage doubler at low input voltages and a standard rectifier at high input voltages.
The MC34161 includes a reference power supply providing 2.54V at pin 1 with the signal level at pin 2 internally compared with a 1.27V voltage.
A zener diode D5 along with resistor R1 and capacitor C4 supply the required 12V for the IC.
Capacitors C2 and C3 must withstand voltages greater than 250V.
The IC regulates the triac, allowing the circuit to operate as either a full wave voltage doubler or a full wave bridge.
Channel 1 detects the negative half cycles of the AC line voltage.
If the line voltage is below 150V, the circuit switches from bridge mode to voltage doubling mode after a set time delay, determined by the 100k resistor and 10uF capacitor.
If the line voltage exceeds 150V, the circuit immediately returns to full wave bridge mode.
Caution: This AC to DC converter generates extremely high voltages that are potentially lethal, so exercise extreme caution when working with it.
Formulas:
The MC34161 is primarily a PWM controller, but under certain circumstances, it may also be configured to function as a voltage doubler or conventional rectifier.
Formulas for Standard Rectifier and Voltage Doubler are mentioned below.
Voltage Doubler:
Vout = 2 * Vpeak – diode voltage drops
where,
- The AC input voltages peak value is Vpeak.
Standard Rectifier:
Vout = Vpeak – diode voltage drop
where,
- The AC input voltages peak value is Vpeak.
Note:
It is highly advised to employ specialized rectifier circuits (such as diode bridges or full wave rectifiers) for these activities in order to get the best possible performance and efficiency.
The MC34161 is more appropriate for PWM control, which is its intended use.
How to Build:
To build a 220V AC to DC Voltage Converter Circuit you need to follow the connections steps mentioned below:
Safety First:
- Ensure that the circuit is disconnected from the power source before starting.
- Use insulated tools and work in a dry environment.
Circuit Assembly:
- Start by assembling the components on the PCB board according to the circuit diagram.
- Place and solder the resistors, capacitors, diodes and IC in their respective positions on the board.
- Connect the components using wires ensuring proper polarity and connections.
Testing and Adjustment:
- Before connecting the circuit to the AC mains, double check all connections and components for any errors.
- Use a multimeter to check for shorts and ensure the circuit is properly insulated.
- Power up the circuit and check the output voltage using a multimeter.
- Adjust the circuit if necessary.
Safety Precautions:
- Enclose the circuit in a suitable casing to prevent accidental contact with high voltages.
- Install a fuse or circuit breaker in the input line for overcurrent protection.
Final Testing:
- Once the circuit is properly assembled and tested, connect it to the AC mains and verify its operation.
- Use a load to test the circuit’s ability to deliver the required DC voltage under load conditions.
Important Note:
- Remember to exercise caution and follow safety guidelines when working with high voltage circuits.
- If you are unsure about any aspect of the build, it is best to seek advice from a qualified professional.
Conclusion:
A 220V AC to DC voltage converter circuit is a crucial component in electronics, converting high voltage alternating current AC from a 220V power source into stable direct current DC at a specific voltage level.
This conversion enables electronic devices to operate efficiently and safely.