Your electronic gadget is protected from damage caused by inappropriate voltage application by a basic over voltage and reverse voltage protection circuit.
When compared to utilizing simply a diode, this circuit using a P channel MOSFET FQP47P06 provides a more reliable option.
Simple single diodes can be used to protect the circuit against reverse voltage, however the load device will be impacted by overvoltage or surge spikes.
Here, the protective parts are a MOSFET and a Zener diode.
Circuit Working:
Parts List:
| Category | Description | Quantity |
|---|---|---|
| Resistor | 100k | 1 |
| Semiconductors | MOSFET P-Channel FQP47P06 | 1 |
| Zener diode 9V | 1 |
This circuit provides an easy to use method of safeguarding your gadget from voltage spikes and improper voltage application, it just need three essential parts.
P-Channel MOSFET FQP47P06:
This device controls the flow of current to your load, or the device you are safeguarding much like a smart switch would.
Its inherent toughness to resist surges and voltage spikes allows it to manage voltages beyond 60V which is crucial for reverse voltage protection.
Biasing Resistor R1:
The electricity passing through the Zener diode is regulated in part by this small resistor.
Zener Diode 9V:
This part regulates the voltage applied to your load.
Under normal circumstances, it remains inactive nevertheless, if the voltage attempts to exceed a certain point (its breakdown voltage) it conducts excess current away from the MOSFET safeguarding it and guaranteeing that a safe voltage reaches your load.
Circuit operations details:
The MOSFET permits current to flow freely to your load when the power supply is connected appropriately.
The Zener diode just operates like a conventional diode in this circumstance.
Reverse Voltage Protection:
The MOSFET acts as a closed gate to stop current flow and protect your gadget if you unintentionally connect the power source backward.
Overvoltage Protection:
The Zener diode intervenes if the voltage surges over a safe threshold.
It functions similarly to a pressure release valve directing extra current out of the circuit and keeping your loads voltage steady.
Formulas:
The following are the essential formulae and factors to take into account while creating a circuit that protects against overvoltage and reverse voltage using a P-Channel MOSFET (FQP47P06), a resistor and a zener diode:
Gate Resistor:
The normal range of the gate resistor, often known as the Rgate, is 10kΩ to 100kΩ.
The maximum gate source voltage VGS and the gate capacitance Cgs should be taken into consideration while selecting Rgate to restrict the gate current Igate.
Rgate = Vin_max − VGS(th) / Igate
where,
- The gate source threshold voltage VGS(th) in the case of P-Channel MOSFETs is negative.
- The gate current needed to switch on the MOSFET is called Igate.
For your particular application, you may use the P-Channel MOSFET (FQP47P06), resistor and zener diode to create an efficient circuit for over voltage and reverse voltage protection.
Adapt component values to the operating circumstances of your circuit and your needs for voltage protection.
How to Build:
To build a Simple Over Voltage and Reverse Voltage Protection Circuit follow the steps mentioned below for connections:
- Gather the parts as mentioned in the above diagram.
- Connect gate pin of MOSFET P-channel FQP47P06 to ground through R1 resistor.
- Connect drain pin of MOSFET P-channel FQP47P06 to positive DC supply.
- Connect source pin of MOSFET P-channel FQP47P06 to load.
- Connect the anode of 9V Zener diode to the gate of the MOSFET P-channel FQP47P06 and the cathode to the source of the MOSFET.
- Connect the load between the source of MOSFET and ground.
Safety Measures:
- Work with a qualified professional specially for beginners
- Understand component ratings
- Do double check connections
- Start with low power
Conclusion:
This simple design protects your device against reverse voltage and overvoltage using a P-channel MOSFET.
This three component circuit, in its core offers a basic yet effective means of protecting your priceless electronics against voltage related accidents.
When designing and operating the circuit, keep in mind that safety comes first and adhere to advised procedures.
Leave a Reply