A simple electronic circuit that mimics the sound of a genuine siren with a rising and falling pitch is a wailing siren circuit that uses a 555 IC.
The pulsating sound is produced by using the oscillation of the 555 IC at a certain frequency.
Circuit Working:
Parts List:
| Category | Description | Quantity | Wattage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Resistors | 390Ω, 1k, 220k, 100k, 33k, 22k | 1 each | 1/4 watt |
| Capacitors | Ceramic 10nF | 2 | |
| Electrolytic 100μF 25V | 1 | ||
| Semiconductors | IC 555 | 1 | |
| Transistor BC547 | 1 | ||
| Transistor BC557 | 1 | ||
| Other Components | Speaker 8Ω | 1 | |
| Push Button | 1 |
There is an astable mode of wiring on the 555 IC, in other words, it does not require an external trigger signal to oscillate on its own.
There are two resistors R3 and R4 and a capacitor C3 that govern the oscillations timing.
Pin 3 of the IC 555 sees a high low output voltage flip as a result of C1 charging and discharging through R5.
Driven by the output from pin 3 of the IC 555, transistor T1 BC547 is attached as a switch.
The speaker can receive current when T1 conducts and the output is high, through which sound waves are produced.
The values of R3, R4 and C3 define the pitch of the wailing sound.
You may alter the oscillations speed and, therefore the sounds pitch by adjusting the values of these constituents.
The 555 ICs power is managed by transistor T2 BC557.
Pressing the pushbutton switch causes current to flow to T2s base turning it on and enabling current to reach the 555 IC, by doing this the circuit is turned on.
T2 switches off and the circuit is deactivated when the pushbutton switch is released.
Essentially, pin 3 of the 555 IC shifts voltage back and forth turning transistor T1 on and off as the capacitor C1 charges and empties.
A pulsating sound is produced by the speaker as a result the pitch of the sound is dictated by the charging and discharging rate of C1 which is regulated by R3, R4 and C3.
Formulas:
The goal of designing a wailing siren circuit with the IC 555 in astable mode is to produce an oscillating output with a frequency variation that sounds like a siren.
The circuit and the necessary formula may be built up as follows:
Formula for Frequency (f):
In the astable mode of the IC 555, the values of the resistor R and capacitor C define the oscillation frequency f:
f = 1.44 / (R1 + 2R2) *C
where,
- The resistors attached to the IC 555 are R1 and R2.
- There is a timing capacitor C.
The output waveforms duty cycle D which establishes the length of the sounds high and low phases is provided by:
D = R2 / R1 + 2R2
You may change the circuits wailing siren effects features and sound frequency by adjusting these settings.
How to Build:
To build a Simple Wailing Siren Circuit follow the below mentioned process for connections:
- Assemble all the components shown in above diagram
- Connect pin 1 of IC 555 to ground.
- Connect pin 2 to pin 6 of IC 555.
- Connect capacitor C1 to ground from pin 2 and 6 of IC 555
- Connect pin 3 of IC 555 to base of transistor T1 through resistor R2.
- Connect pin 4 of IC 555 to positive supply of 6V.
- Connect pin 5 to ground through capacitor C2.
- Connect pin 6 to pin 3 of IC 555 through resistor R5.
- Connect pin 8 of IC 555 to positive supply of 6V.
- Connect collector of transistor T1 in series to 8 ohm speaker and resistor R1 to positive supply, connect base of transistor T1 to pin 3 of IC 555 through resistor R2, connect emitter of transistor T1 to ground.
- Connect collector of transistor T2 to pin 4 and pin 8 of IC 555, connect base of transistor T2 to resistor R4 and positive of capacitor C3 and negative of capacitor C3 to ground, connect emitter of transistor T2 to positive supply of 6V.
- Connect resistor R6 and push button in series to ground between resistor R4 and capacitor C3.
Safety Measures:
- As a safety precaution, make careful you utilize the appropriate rated components while making this circuit.
- Additionally, take care to avoid shorting out the power supply.
Conclusion:
In conclude, building a wailing siren circuit with a 555 IC integrated circuit is an enjoyable and useful approach to learn how to create electrical sound effects.
You may experiment with controlling pitch and even adding a ‘wailing’ sound by adjusting the circuits component parts.
This basic project shows off the 555 IC chips potential.