This Simple Electronic Stethoscope Circuit talks about how to make one type of stethoscope circuit.
Normal stethoscope uses tube to listen small sound from body like heart and lung.
This electronic stethoscope uses small electric parts to make sound more clear and loud.
It help doctors and nurses hear better what happen inside the body.
Making this project is hard but not good for beginner people to learn.
Also remember stethoscope and other medical tools should be used, only by trained medical person.
Circuit Working:
Parts List:
| Category | Description | Quantity |
|---|---|---|
| Resistors | ||
| 470k 1/4 watt | 2 | |
| 1k 1/4 watt | 1 | |
| Capacitors | ||
| Electrolytic 100μF 16V | 1 | |
| Semiconductors | ||
| Transistor BC547 | 1 | |
| Headphones 64Ω | 1 | |
| Piezo transducer | 1 | |
| Battery 4.5V | 1 |
This electronic stethoscope uses piezo sounder like the one from melody card or musical greeting card and it works like a microphone.
The amplifiers input impedance control the low frequency sound from the piezo and it gives about 100 mV output signal.
To make low frequency sound better we should use emitter follower transistor amplifier because it have high input impedance.
This choice help to catch very low sound from transducer.
We can use low impedance headphone just like plug into amplifier output and hear heart beating.
To improve input impedance even more then Darlington transistor is used instead of normal emitter follower.
Formulas:
This part explain simple circuit using Bipolar Junction Transistor BJT in common base CB design.
Voltage Gain (Av):
Voltage gain in this design is almost 1.
Input goes to emitter and output come from collector.
Formula is:
Av = RC / re
where:
- RC is collector resistor
- re is emitter resistance about VT / IE
- VT is thermal voltage to about 26 mV at room temperature
- IE is emitter current
Current Gain (Ai):
Formula is:
Ai = β / (1 + β)
where:
- β is transistors current gain
Input Impedance (Zin):
In CB design the input impedance is small which is almost equal to re.
Output Impedance (Zout):
Output impedance is high and mostly because of collector resistor RC.
By using these steps and formulas we can build and test simple common base BJT amplifier good for electronic stethoscope.
How to Build:
To build a Simple Electronic Stethoscope Circuit following are the connection steps to be followed:
Choose the Parts:
First see what kind of transistor, piezo sounder and other parts we want to use in circuit and choose of good quality.
Transistor Amplifier Circuit:
- Connect piezo sounder to base of NPN transistor.
- Make emitter follower setup.
- Put needed resistors for biasing and connect emitter to ground and collector to positive side of battery.
Use Capacitors:
- Capacitors help with filtering and signal passing.
- They block DC and let AC signal go through and connect them in series for this.
- Give power to circuit using battery like 4.5V.
Headphone Output:
- Connect 100μF capacitor from transistor collector to headphone with low impedance.
- We will hear boosted heartbeat sound here.
- Turn ON the circuit and listen with headphone.
- If sound is not clear then try changing resistor values.
Darlington Transistor (Optional):
- If want better input then use two transistors together and connect collector of first to base of second.
- Also change resistors for best result.
Be Careful:
- Use right voltage for battery but too much power can break the circuit components.
- Check all wires and connections to avoid short circuit.
Important:
- This is just simple idea but for best working check transistor datasheet and circuit rules.
- If anyone is new in electronics then ask expert or try easy project first.
Conclusion:
This type of Simple Electronic Stethoscope Circuit is made to fix problems in normal stethoscope like low sound and noise.
It uses electronic parts to make sound louder and clear so doctor can hear body better.
In hospitals these stethoscopes help a lot to understand what happens inside patient body.