220V Power Line Communication Remote Control Circuit is simple remote control circuit.
It uses 220V power line to send signal.
There is no need of extra wire.
This circuit is good for use at homes and short distance because signal uses high frequency of about 5 kHz and is not same like normal electric of 50 Hz.
This help to take signal separate from normal electric.
It is easy to make but be careful working with high voltage can be danger.
Do only with adult watching or help.
What is a Power Line Communication Remote Control Circuit:
To send control and message signal through power wire we use one electronic circuit.
It is called Power Line Communication (PLC) Remote Control Circuit.
This device can connect direct to electric wire or power line system.
Transmitter Circuit Working:
Parts list for transmitter circuit:
| Component | Description | Quantity |
|---|---|---|
| Resistors | All resistors are 1/4 W MFR | |
| 4.7k | 1 | |
| 56k | 1 | |
| 220Ω | 1 | |
| 1M | 1 | |
| Capacitors | ||
| PPC 2.2nF | 1 | |
| PPC 100nF | 1 | |
| PPC 0.47μF 400V | 1 | |
| Electrolytic 220μF 25V | 1 | |
| Semiconductors | ||
| Diodes 1N4007 | 2 | |
| Transistor BC547 | 1 | |
| Transistor BC557 | 1 | |
| IC 555 | 1 |
We have used 5 kHz frequency so signal does not get mix with 50 Hz power line.
This frequency comes from oscillator using IC 555.
To send signal we need to make it strong using power amplifier with two transistors.
Output connects to phase wire through capacitor and capacitor passes high frequency signal but stops low frequency power.
Transmitter get power from battery AC/DC adapter or simple power using capacitor to drop voltage.
We can turn on transmitter by switching power ON/OFF or to give logic 1 to pin 4 of IC 555.
Formulas:
Below are some formula for 220V Power Line Communication Remote Control Circuit:
Transmitter use 555 IC in astable mode and we can use this value:
R1 = 4.7k ohm
R2 = 56k ohm
C1 = 2.2nF
We calculate like this:
Time 1 (charge time):
T₁ = R1 × C1
= 4700 × 2.2nF
= 10.34 ns
Time 2 (discharge time):
T₂ = R2 × C1
= 56000 × 2.2nF
= 123.2 ns
Frequency:
f = 1 / (0.693 × (T₁ + T₂))
= 1 / (0.693 × 133.54 ns)
= 7.49 kHz
D = (T₁ / (T₁ + T₂)) × 100
= (10.34 / 133.54) × 100
= 7.7%
Summary:
Frequency = 7.49 kHz
Duty cycle = 7.7% because charge time is small and signal stay low for more time
Receiver Circuit Working:
Parts list for receiver circuit:
| Component | Description | Quantity |
|---|---|---|
| Resistors | All the resistors are 1/4 W MFR | |
| 4.7k | 1 | |
| 1k | 1 | |
| 220k | 1 | |
| 470Ω | 1 | |
| 330k | 1 | |
| 820Ω | 2 | |
| Capacitors | ||
| PPC 15nF 250V | 1 | |
| PPC 330nF 250V | 1 | |
| PPC 22nF | 2 | |
| Electrolytic 220μF 25V | 1 | |
| Electrolytic 470μF 16V | 1 | |
| Semiconductors | ||
| Diodes 1N4007 | 3 | |
| Transistor BC557 | 1 | |
| Triac BT136 | 1 | |
| Bulb 220V | 1 |
At receiver side high pass filter take signal from power line and remove normal 50 Hz power and only signal goes inside circuit.
One transistor with 220k resistor at base control current to triac gate.
When triac is OFF it can turn ON and when it is ON many time it can turn OFF again.
Triac work in 2nd and 3rd quadrant and it can control load up to 4A.
When signal comes triac turn ON and give power to device.
Receiver get power from mains using 330nF capacitor.
330k resistor for discharge and 470 ohm resistor limit current when power start so no big spike come.
Transmitter Making:
For small distance signal with 1 to 25 kHz work good.
In this circuit we have used 5 kHz and this is 100 times more than 50 Hz power line and so easy to separate.
f_transmitter = 5 kHz
We used IC 555 and two transistors to make signal oscillator.
Transistors are safe from high voltage using diodes.
One capacitor (250V AC, Class X2, 220nF to 470nF) connect output to phase line.
C = 220nF to 470nF
V = 250V
Power for transmitter come from battery, AC/DC adapter or simple supply with capacitor to drop voltage.
To control transmitter we can switch power ON/OFF or give logic 1 to pin 4 of IC 555.
Receiver Making:
Receiver take power from 220V line using 330nF capacitor.
Cpower = 330nF
At input high pass filter take only signal and remove normal 50Hz power and this help to find signal correctly.
One transistor always stay ON because of base resistor 220k.
Rbase = 220k
When transistor is ON triac is OFF (closed) and when signal come transistor turn OFF for short time and capacitor charge through two resistors of 820 ohm.
Rresistor = 820Ω
Then triac turn ON and give power to connected device.
Triac work in 2nd and 3rd part quadrant and can handle load up to 4A.
Imax = 4A
Receiver also have:
Rlimiting = 470Ω to stop high current when power turn ON
Rdischarging = 330k to empty capacitor when OFF
Signal Range Note:
In home or flat there is no need of extra filter.
Electric meter coil already reduces high frequency.
But old tube light (fluorescent lamp) can make problem because they use capacitor.
We can fix by removing capacitor or adding RF choke in line.
Safety Warning:
Transmitter and receiver both connect direct to 220V power so we need to be very careful.
Use proper fuse in power input for safety.
Making and using this circuit is ones own risk.
Author is not responsible if any accident happen.
Conclusion:
220V Power Line Communication Remote Control Circuit is good when we want to use same power wire for sending control signal.
It is useful in smart grid, machine control and home automation.
This PLC circuit is easy to use and build.
References:
Design of Power-Line Communication System (PLC) Using a PIC Micro-controller
Leave a Reply