This article explains how to build a circuit for an LED light.
LEDs are tiny, special lights that use electricity to glow.
This project shows you how to connect a few parts electrical components together to light up an LED.
LED circuits are used in all sorts of things, like flashlights, car taillights and even giant signs!
Circuit Working:
Parts List:
How to connect LED with a Battery Circuit:
Here are some explanations and examples of LED circuits from various projects including flashing LEDs, 220V LEDs, and more.
We will begin by illustrating a LED circuit arranged in series with a resistor.
To determine the appropriate resistor value, you will need to perform calculations based on the power supply voltage, LED voltage drop and desired current.
Formula and calculations for a series LED circuit :
Source Voltage−LED Voltage Drop/Amps = Ohms
where:
Amps = mA/1000
For instance: Source Voltage = 9V
LED Voltage Drop = 3.1V typical for a blue or white LED
Desired Current = 13 milliamps
So, the resistor needed is calculated as: (9 to 3.1) / (13/1000) = 452Ω
thus a 470Ω resistor should be used.
How to Build:
To build an LED circuit with a resistor in series, follow these steps:
Calculate Resistor Value:
- Determine the forward voltage drop of your LEDs.
- Identify the supply voltage.
- Choose the desired current for your LEDs.
- Use ohms law (V= IR) to calculate the resistor value, where V is the voltage across the resistor, I is the desired current, and R is the resistor value.
- Round up to the nearest standard resistor value available.
Connect Components:
- Place the LEDs and resistors on the breadboard or prepare them for soldering.
- Connect cathode leg of the LED to the negative terminal of the power source.
- Connect the anode leg of the LED to one leg of the resistor.
- Connect the remaining leg of the resistor to the positive terminal of the power source.
- Ensure all connections are secure and there are no short circuits.
Test the Circuit:
- Power on the circuit.
- Check that the LEDs light up as expected.
- Measure the current flowing through the circuit to ensure it matches the desired current.
Adjust if Necessary:
- If the LEDs are too bright or not bright enough, you may need to adjust the resistor value.
- Repeat steps 2 to 4 until you achieve the desired brightness and current.
Secure Connections:
- Once satisfied with the circuit, you can solder the components together for a more permanent connection.
- Use heat shrink tubing or electrical tape to insulate exposed connections.
Final Testing:
- Perform a final test to ensure the circuit operates correctly in its intended application.
Note:
- By following these steps, you can successfully build an LED circuit with a resistor in series.
- Make sure to exercise caution when working with electrical components and always double check your calculations and connections.
How to Build a 220V LED circuit:
A 220V LED circuit is a configuration of electrical components designed to power and control LEDs using a 220V power source.
These circuits are typically used in applications where higher voltage is available such as in certain countries where the standard mains voltage is 220V AC.
Circuit Working:
Parts List:
| Component | Quantity |
|---|---|
| Resistor 10Ω | 1 |
| Capacitor PPC 0.1µF 400V | 1 |
| Semiconductors | |
| LED any 5mm, 20mA | 1 |
| Zener Diode 2.7V, 1W | 1 |
LED circuit operating at 220V Warning:
Only attempt this circuit if you possess a strong understanding of electronic devices.
This circuit is linked to the main power supply 220V and carries the risk of causing a severe electrical shock.
This setup utilizes a capacitor, a zener diode, a resistor and the LED.
The value of the capacitor is contingent upon the LED current.
A 0.1µF capacitor yields a LED current of 4 mA, while a 470nF capacitor results in a current of 20 mA.
How to Build:
Building a LED circuit operating at 220V involves careful handling and adherence to safety protocols due to the high voltage involved, below are how to build steps:
Design the Circuit:
- Determine the desired LED current and select appropriate components based on the provided information (e.g. capacitor value).
- Refer to circuit diagrams or design guidelines to ensure correct component placement and wiring.
Safety Precautions:
- Ensure the power source is disconnected and switched off before starting work.
- Use insulated tools and handle components with care to avoid electric shocks.
- Work in a well ventilated area and follow safety protocols throughout the construction process.
Connect the Components:
- Connect the components according to the circuit design, making sure to observe polarity for diodes and capacitors.
- Use insulated wires to connect the components together.
- Double check all connections to ensure they are secure and free of short circuits.
Test the Circuit:
- Once the circuit is assembled, connect it to the power source.
- Observe the LEDs to confirm they illuminate as expected.
- Measure the current flowing through the circuit to verify it matches the desired value.
- If the LEDs do not light up or the circuit behaves unexpectedly, disconnect the power source immediately and carefully inspect the connections.
- Check for any loose connections, damaged components, or incorrect wiring.
- Make necessary adjustments or replacements as needed and retest the circuit.
Finalization:
- Once the circuit is functioning correctly, secure the components and wiring in place.
- Insulate exposed connections and ensure no bare wires are left exposed.
- Label the circuit for future reference and record any relevant specifications or measurements.
Safety Testing:
- Perform a final safety check to ensure all components are securely installed and insulated.
- Test the circuit under normal operating conditions to ensure it remains stable and safe to use.
Note:
By following these steps carefully and prioritizing safety at all times, you can successfully build a LED circuit operating at 220V.
If you are unsure or inexperienced with high voltage circuits, consider seeking assistance from a qualified electrician or experienced hobbyist.
Conclusion:
Overall, LED circuits provide a versatile and energy efficient solution for generating light in a wide range of electronic devices and systems.
References:
Calculate series resistor value for LED on 220 Vac RMS supply