This is a special circuit that uses the suns power to keep unwanted animals away.
It works by making sounds, flashing lights or doing other things that scare animals like birds, mice or even big ones.
People who have gardens, farms or yards outside often use this circuit to protect their plants and things from being damaged by animals.
The circuit has three main parts:
A solar panel that charges a battery during the day, a sensor that can see or hear animals and a tool that makes scary sounds, flashes lights or sends out special sounds that only animals can hear.
When the sensor spots an animal the circuit turns on the scary tool and the animal runs away.
Circuit Working of Animal Repellent :
Parts List:
| Category | Part Description | Quantity | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Resistors | 100Ω | 3 | 1/4 watt |
| 1M | 1 | 1/4 watt | |
| Potentiometer | 100k | 2 | |
| Capacitors | Ceramic 0.22µF | 1 | |
| Semiconductors | IC 4060 | 1 | |
| LDR | 1 | Light Dependent Resistor | |
| LEDs | 5mm 20mA | 9 |
Here is a solar powered device designed to deter nocturnal animals such as bats and cats from entering the farmyard or premises.
The device emits bright, multicolored flashes that confuse these animals prompting them to avoid the area. It operates automatically turning on in the evening and off in the morning.
The devices circuit includes an oscillator controlled by a LDR and a Binary Counter IC CD 4060.
The ICs functioning is regulated by its reset pin 12.
During daylight hours, the LDR conducts keeping the ICs reset pin high thus maintaining its inactive state.
At night, the LDR stops conducting, grounding the reset pin via VR1.
This activates the IC causing it to oscillate using components C1 and VR2.
Output pins 7, 5 and 4 are used to power strings of LEDs.
VR1 adjusts the LDRs sensitivity, while VR2 controls the flashing rate of the LEDs.
The circuit employs high brightness red, blue and white LEDs to produce dazzling flashes.
The red LEDs flash rapidly followed by the blue and then the white LEDs.
The white LEDs remain on for a few seconds providing light to a specific area.
Additional LEDs can be added to the strings if desired.
The circuit can also operate on a 12V DC power source.
Formula:
An IC 4060 may be used to build an animal repellant circuit.
The IC 4060 is a 14 stage oscillator and ripple carry binary counter divider that may be set up to provide a steady oscillation frequency.
The values of the resistor R and capacitor C attached to the oscillator pins typically pins 9 and 10 of IC 4060 determine the oscillation frequency (f) in the main.
The following formula may be used to get the approximate frequency:
f = 1.44 (R + 2 × Rpot) × C
here,
- Rpot refers to the potentiometers resistance, which is used to change the frequency.
Duty Cycle (Pulse Width):
With the use of a capacitor and potentiometer, the output signals duty cycle or pulse width may be changed.
The ratio of the charging time T1 to the whole period T yields the duty cycle D:
D = T1 / T
The circuits potentiometer and capacitor may be changed to change this.
LED Current Limiting Resistors:
Usually, ohms law is used to calculate the value of the current limiting resistors RLED for the LEDs:
RLED = Vsupply - ILED / VLED
where,
- Vsupply is the supply voltage,
- VLED is the forward voltage drop of the LED and
- ILED is the desired current through the LED (usually around 10-20 mA for standard LEDs).
Recall that the precise settings and values will vary depending on your application and the intended animal population.
To get the best results from your animal repellent circuit, choose and modify the components according to the formulae and correlations mentioned above.
How to Build:
To build a Simple Solar Powered Animal Scarer Circuit you need to follow the below mentioned steps:
- Connect the LDR to pin 12 of the CD 4060 IC.
- This pin controls the reset function of the IC based on the light conditions detected by the LDR.
- Connect the VR1 to the LDR to adjust its sensitivity.
- Connect the VR2 to the IC to control the flashing rate of the LEDs.
- Connect resistors R1 and R2 to the VR2 to limit current to the LEDs.
- Connect the LEDs Red, Blue, and White to the output pins 7, 5, and 4 of the IC respectively.
- Connect a diode 1N4007 between the solar panel and the battery to prevent reverse current flow.
- Connect a diode 1N4007 between the battery and the circuit to prevent reverse current flow from the battery.
Note:
- Ensure to properly connect the components as per the schematic and double check the connections before powering the circuit.
- Adjust VR1 and VR2 as needed to achieve the desired sensitivity and flashing rate of the LEDs.
Circuit Working of Animal Scarer Solar Power Supply:
Parts List:
| Category | Part Description | Quantity | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Resistors | R1 10Ω 1W | 1 | 1 watt |
| R2 1k | 2 | 1/4 watt | |
| Capacitors | Electrolytic 2200µF 12V | 1 | |
| Semiconductors | Diodes 1N4007 | 2 | |
| LED any 5mm 20mA | 1 | ||
| Other Components | Solar Panel 18V | 1 | |
| Power Source | Battery 12V | 1 |
The circuit operates on a solar powered battery supply.
During the day, the battery charges through R1 and D1 with a green LED indicating the charging mode.
At night, as the current from the solar cell decreases D1 reverses biases and simultaneously D2 forward biases to power the circuit.
Resistor R1 limits the charging current, while the high value capacitor C1 acts as a buffer for current.
How to Build:
Below mentioned are the steps to build a Simple Animal Scarer Solar Power Supply Circuit:
- Connect the positive terminal of the solar panel to the positive terminal of the battery.
- Connect the negative terminal of the solar panel to the anode positive of D1 and the cathode negative of D2.
- Connect the cathode of D1 to the positive terminal of the battery.
- Connect the anode of D2 to the positive terminal of the circuit where the load will be connected.
- Connect the cathode of D1 to the anode of the LED and the cathode of the LED to the negative terminal of the battery.
- Connect one end of resistor R1 to the positive terminal of the solar panel and the other end to the anode of D1.
- Connect the positive terminal of capacitor C1 to the anode of D1 and the negative terminal to the negative terminal of the battery.
Note:
- Ensure all connections are secure and double check the polarities of the components.
- The LED should indicate charging during the day and the circuit should switch to battery power at night.
- Adjust the values of R1 and C1 as needed based on the specific requirements of your circuit.
Conclusion:
To conclude, a solar powered animal scarer circuit is an eco friendly and humane way to deter animals from specific areas using stimuli such as sounds, lights or ultrasonic waves.
By harnessing solar energy these circuits can operate autonomously without the need for grid power making them a sustainable solution for protecting crops or property from animal damage.
References:
Development of a solar powered bird repeller system with effective bird scarer sounds