This 220V LED flood light circuit is like a tiny power plant for super bright light.
It uses regular household current 220V to light up those special white LEDs.
The circuit acts like a translator taking the high voltage and converting it to a level safe and suitable for the LEDs.
With resistors, capacitors, and diodes like tiny switches and containers for electricity working together, this circuit creates a powerful beam of white light to brighten up any space.
Working with mains voltage can be dangerous.
Never attempt to build or modify mains powered circuits unless you have the proper training and qualifications.
Circuit Working:
Parts List:
| Category | Component | Quantity | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Resistor | 470k | 1 | |
| Capacitors | PPC 105 400V | 1 | |
| Electrolytic 100µF 400V | 1 | ||
| Semiconductors | Bridge Rectifier 1N4007 | 4 | |
| Zener diode 300V 1W | 1 | ||
| LEDs | 3.3V, 1W, 300mA | 90 |
This white LED floodlight brightens your porch with a cool white glow.
The circuit features a simple and energy efficient design, directly connected to AC lines to eliminate the need for a bulky transformer.
Ultra white LEDs are replacing fluorescent lamps due to their energy saving properties and simple design.
White LEDs emit light ranging from 10,000 to 60,000 MCD and operate easily on 3V at 300mA.
They are available in spotlights and diffuse versions with common sizes including 3mm, 5mm and 10mm varieties.
High wattage single white LEDs are also available.
Introduced in 1990, white LEDs use Indium Gallium Nitride as the semiconductor containing a blue chip with white inorganic phosphor.
When blue light hits the phosphor it emits white light.
The circuit uses capacitive reactance to reduce high voltage AC to low voltage AC minimizing power loss due to heat dissipation.
The low voltage AC around 100V reduced by C1 is then rectified by a full wave rectifier formed by D1 to D4.
Capacitor C2 acts as a ripple remover and buffer.
Zener diode regulates DC to 69 volts and prevents excess reverse voltage across the LEDs during the negative half cycles.
R1 is essential in the circuit to discharge the stored current from C1 when the circuit is unplugged.
Without R1, C1 can store more than 400V for many days posing a lethal shock hazard.
90 LEDs are connected in series to achieve luminance equivalent to a 100W CFL.
Enclose the circuit in a shockproof case.
Adding a reflector behind the LEDs will enhance the floodlight effect.
Important! Do not touch any points or attempt troubleshooting while the circuit is connected to mains.
Caution: This is an AC powered circuit that can cause fatal shock if mishandled.
Do not construct the circuit unless you are competent to handle high voltage circuits.
Formula:
The value of the AC capacitor can be calculated using the formula:
Xc = 1 / (2πfC)
where,
- Xc: This is an ohm Ω measurement of the capacitive reactance.
- It functions as resistance to an AC currents passage through a capacitor.
- Every AC cycle, a capacitor stores and releases electrical energy, in contrast to a resistor, which loses energy as heat.
- 1/(2πf): Because of the capacitors capacity to store and release energy, this component symbolizes the resistance to current flow.
- 2π: This is a constant in mathematics that is around 6.28.
- f: This is the AC current frequency, expressed in hertz Hz.
- The number of cycles the current completes in a second is referred to as its frequency.
- Faster direction shifts in current occur at higher frequencies.
- C: This is the capacitors capacitance, expressed in farads F.
- A capacitors capacitance tells us how much electrical energy it can hold.
- Increased capacitance facilitates the passage of current by storing more energy.
How formula works:
The formula indicates that there are two parameters that determine how much resistance Xc a capacitor gives to AC current:
The frequency (f) is: The capacitor has a harder time storing and releasing energy at higher frequencies (faster fluctuations in current), which increases Xc (greater opposition).
Capacitance (C): Lower Xc (less opposition) results from more capacitance, which facilitates simpler current flow.
How to Build:
To build the Simple 220V White LED Flood light Circuit, you will need a basic understanding of electronics and the ability to handle high voltage circuits safely.
Safety First:
- Ensure the circuit is unplugged from the mains before starting work.
- Use insulated tools and a shockproof case.
Circuit Design:
- Refer to the circuit diagram for the connections and component placements.
Component Assembly:
- Solder the components according to the circuit diagram.
- Place the LEDs in series 90 LEDs in total and connect them to the circuit.
Rectification:
- Use a bridge rectifier D1 to D4 to convert low voltage AC to DC.
- Connect a capacitor C2 to smooth out the DC output.
Voltage Regulation:
- Use a Zener diode to regulate the DC voltage to 69V and prevent excess reverse voltage across the LEDs.
Safety Resistor:
- Include a resistor R1 in the circuit to discharge the stored current from C1 when the circuit is unplugged.
Enclosure:
- Place the entire circuit in a shockproof case.
- Optionally, add a reflector behind the LEDs for a floodlight effect.
- Before connecting to mains, double check all connections and components.
- Use a multimeter to verify the circuit.
Connection:
- Once everything is verified, connect the circuit to the mains power.
- Monitor for any abnormalities and ensure the circuit operates as expected.
Important Note:
- This is a simplified overview.
- Detailed knowledge of electronics and safety precautions are essential.
- If you are not confident seek help from a professional electrician.
Conclusion:
Overall, a 220V white LED flood lamp circuit is designed to efficiently convert high voltage AC power into light providing a bright and energy efficient lighting solution for various applications.
References:
Fabrication of LED Flood Light From Recycle Material with High Quality
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