Simple 220V LED Night Lamp Circuit

This Simple 220V LED Night Lamp Circuit design make night light work straight from home power plug which is usually 220V AC;

Also, it does this by using small transformer or special capacitor to drop voltage low so LED lamp can work safe.

Circuit Working:

Parts List:

Components	Values	Quantity
Resistors	10Ω 1W	1
	560k 1/2W	1
	100Ω 1/4W	1
Capacitors	PPC 0.47µF 400V	1
	Electrolytic 100µF 25V	1
Semiconductors	Zener diodes 12V, 1W	2
	Diodes 1N4007	2
	LEDs straw hat white 5mm	3

Nowadays white LED light is good option instead of old incandescent bulb for light use.

As these new white LED is not costly much but it uses less power and gives sharp light beam.

Here, is simple circuit that show how to make white LED night lamp run direct from 220V AC socket;

This circuit uses “capacitive transformerless power” which means one capacitor and resistor connect in line with AC power.

Also, it helps to control current if capacitor value is big compare to resistor and with 0.47µF capacitor the circuit gives around 70mA current from 220V AC and 50Hz.

To change AC to DC we have used rectifier and filter capacitor, as this circuit uses 12V DC and 70mA power from capacitor type supply to run 3 small 5mm white LED which is straw-hat type.

The output voltage remains safe even without an LED, two Zener diodes (ZD1 and ZD2) inside the bridge rectifier regulate the voltage to provide this safety feature.

In old type circuit if there is no load LED will disconnect and filter capacitor can blow up.

Resistor R1 stops big inrush current when power is ON

It balances heat and current and resistor R3 limit how much current goes through the 3 white LEDs from LED1 to LED3 in series.

Furthermore, capacitor C1 is main part as it control how much current passes in the circuit and capacitor C2 keep power for LED and need double voltage rating than output voltage.

Therefore, this small circuit is good to give light in stair, hallway, cupboard, bedroom or bathroom.

Formulas:

In transformerless capacitive power supply we have used one capacitor to drop high mains voltage to low safe level.

Also how much voltage, current and ripple comes out depends on input capacitor size.

Formula for Input Capacitor C1:

C1 = Iout / (2 × f × Vripple)

where:

• C1 is capacitor value in farads.
• f is frequency in 50Hz or 60Hz.
• Iout is output current in amps.
• Vripple is ripple voltage we allow from peak to peak.

Note:

With this formula and circuit idea we can make 220V LED night light easily and just understand how parts work together.

How to Build:

To build a Simple 220V LED Night Lamp Circuit follow the below mentioned steps:

• First, always remember when there is no power when making the circuit then do not touch live wire!
• Next, take 0.47µF capacitor C1 and resistor R1 and join them in series and then connect to 230V AC.
• R1 must stop big current at start inrush but should not get too hot and value of R1 depend on how much current and voltage we need.
• Now connect a large capacitor C2 across the output in parallel, ensure that C2 has a voltage rating at least twice the expected output voltage.
• After that, connect resistor R3 and 3 white LEDs from LED1 to LED3 in series, and R3 controls how much current connects to LEDs.
• Then pick value of R3 and LEDs based on how bright we want light and how much current we need.
• After we build the circuit, test it by applying power and if the light looks too dim or too bright, adjust R1, R3 or the LEDs until it looks correct.
• Once everything works properly, place the circuit in a plastic or safe enclosure. This reduces the risk of electric shock and helps distribute the LED light more evenly.

Note:

• High voltage is very dangerous so we should be very careful and if anyone is not sure or new to electronics then we should ask help from expert person.

Conclusion:

Overall, A Simple 220V LED Night Lamp Circuit is easy and works well to power small night light from normal 220V AC power at home.

With some parts like capacitor, resistor, Zener diode and bridge rectifier we can make safe and strong circuit to light up LED in many places like bedroom, hallway or cupboard.